NAS stands for network-attached storage, which allows many users and incompatible client devices to access data from a centralized disc capacity. A basic Ethernet connection connects users on a local network (LAN) to the shared storage.
Browser-based software is used to configure and administer NAS systems that may not have a keypad or monitor. Each NAS is treated as a separate network node on the LAN, with its own (IP) address.
NAS is distinguished by its ease of use, great capacity, and low cost. The devices combine storage into a single location and offer a cloud tier as well as operations like archiving and backup.
The two most common types of networked storage are NAS & storage area networks (SANs).
Audio, video, internet, text files, and Office Software documents are all handled by NAS. SANs are generally used for block storage, also called structured data, within databases.
Every frequently used NAS system is made up of two parts:
A control is a computing system that includes components including networking, storage, and CPU resources. On the controller, a specific operating system optimized for file serving is deployed. Each controller has access to all of the system’s storage. These controllers can be energetic, with all devices accessing the storage, or active/passive, with some controllers conducting all I/O processing and others serving as backups. The controller is in charge of setting up the RAID set, establishing LUNs, installing the file system, and publishing the file sharing on the server.
Storage is a term that refers to the process of storing data indefinitely. Different kinds of storage devices may be used in the NAS system to meet different needs. In some cases, a single NAS system can accommodate SSD, SAS, & SATA drives.
Overview of NAS Array Architecture
Image Source: Link
The amount to which components like CPU, RAM, network converters, and storage can be scaled is determined by the NAS architecture. Scale-up and scale-out NAS architectures are the 2 kinds of NAS architectures.
NAS Arrays That Scale Up
Image Source: Link
A scalable NAS architecture allows you to increase or decrease the capability and capacity of a given NAS system depending on your needs. Replacing or expanding a NAS controller and storage is part of scale-up a NAS system. The scalability of these NAS systems is limited by a predetermined capacity ceiling. When these systems hit their capacity limit, their performance begins to deteriorate.
NAS Arrays with Scale-out Capabilities
Image Source: Link
Multiple NAS nodes are clustered together in a scale-out NAS solution. A node might be made up of the NAS controller, storage, or both. The NAS operation is carried out by the cluster as a single unit. A scale-out NAS allows you to expand your storage capacity by adding extra nodes to the cluster NAS system. Scale-out NAS allows you to use a large number of nodes with moderate performance and availability to create a larger system with superior overall performance and availability. It also has a simple user interface, a low cost, with theoretically limitless scalability. Scale-out NAS makes use of a networked file storage machine that functions on all of the system’s nodes.
Customers connecting to every cluster node can access the complete file system because all knowledge is disclosed among nodes.
Data is striped throughout all nodes in the cluster with mirrored or parity protection in scale-out NAS. Data is separated and assigned to specific nodes in parallel when it is sent off to clients in the cluster. When a client requests to retrieve a file, the scalable NAS gathers the necessary blocks from several nodes, reassembles them into the file, and transmits them to the client. The file system develops dynamically as nodes are added, and information is evenly distributed among them. The total storage, ram, CPU, and increasing network of the cluster grows with each member added to it.
As a result, cluster performance improves.
Image Source: Link
For back-end and front-end communication, scale-out NAS clusters use distinct internal and external networks. An intra-cluster network connects cluster members, while an external network allows clients to view and share file data. The internal network is connected to each cluster node. The internal network uses high-speed computer networks like Bandwidth or Gigabit Ethernet to provide high speed and low latency. A node must be linked to the outside Ethernet network for clients to access it. For high availability, redundant internally or externally networks might be deployed. A NAS device is designed to provide file-serving functions for programs and clients, such as storing, recovering, and accessing data.
Clusters for highly available, scalability, and performance are also supported by NAS providers. Multiple NAS controllers/heads/nodes can be clustered together to form a single entity. The load can be dispersed over all of the nodes that are accessible. As a result, NAS devices can handle large workloads.
