CSS3 is the latest version of CSS2. In CSS3, they introduced modules that have a lot of benefits; it allows the specification to be finalized and accepted faster. Also, this is applicable to many search engines like Mozilla, Chrome, Safari, Opera, etc.
Some modules in CSS3 –
- Box model
- Image values and replaced content
- Text effects
- Selectors
- Backgrounds and borders
- Animations
- User interface (UI)
- Multiple column layouts
- 2D/3D transformations
Features of CSS3 –
Selectors
Selectors are used to styling the elements. These are based on the characteristics of the elements like id, class, tag name, etc.
Ex –
<style>
.hilite {
background: lightgreen;
color: white;
padding: 30px;
}
</style>
<div class=”hilite”>
We can style an element with a class selector.
</div>
CSS table-Layout
This property is used for table algorithms to render a table in its best way.
Ex –
<style>
.table-auto {
border: 2px solid lightblue;
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: auto;
}
.table-auto th,
.table-auto td {
border: 3px solid lightred;
padding: 6px;
}
</style>
<table class=”table-auto” style=”width: 250px”>
<tr>
<th>Full Name</th>
<th>Position</th>
<th>Gender</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Alfred Futter</td>
<td>Web Designer</td>
<td>Male</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Michelle Ranger</td>
<td>Data Analyst</td>
<td>Female</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Heights</td>
<td>Graphic Artist</td>
<td>Male</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<table class=”table-auto” style=”width:100%;”>
<tr>
<th>Full Name</th>
<th>Position</th>
<th>Gender</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Alfred Futter</td>
<td>Web Designer</td>
<td>Male</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Michelle Ranger</td>
<td>Data Analyst</td>
<td>Female</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John Heights</td>
<td>Graphic Artist</td>
<td>Male</td>
</tr>
</table>
Commands and Content
: focus => focus to an element
: active => display and select of an active element
: enabled => display an enabled element
: checked => display a checked element
: lang => put different language for different elements
: selection => for highlighted elements
: root => it is the root element in the document
:first-child => the first sibling element
:last-child => the last sibling element
:only-child => the only child element
:first-of-type => first sibling element with some specific type
:last-of-type => last sibling element with some specific type
:only-of-type => only sibling element with some specific type
: empty => the element without children
::first-letter => style to the first letter of a text
::first-line => style to the first line of a text
:: after => insert anything after a text element
:: before => insert anything before a text element
FAQs
What are the key features introduced in CSS3?
CSS3 introduced several new features and enhancements, including:
-
- Selectors: New selectors such as nth-child, nth-of-type, attribute selectors, and more.
- Box Model: Additional properties like box-sizing, box-shadow, border-radius for creating rounded corners, and border-image for using images as borders.
- Flexbox and Grid Layout: Powerful layout systems for creating flexible and responsive designs.
- Transitions and Animations: CSS transitions for smooth state changes and CSS animations for creating complex animations without JavaScript.
- Media Queries: Enhanced media query capabilities for building responsive websites that adapt to different screen sizes and devices.
- Fonts and Text Effects: New properties for working with custom fonts, text shadows, and text overflow handling.
How do CSS3 transitions differ from CSS2 transitions?
CSS3 transitions provide more control and flexibility compared to CSS2 transitions. With CSS3 transitions, you can define the transition effects for various CSS properties like color, background, width, height, and more. Additionally, CSS3 transitions allow you to specify the transition duration, timing function (easing), delay, and even multiple transitions on the same element.
What are the benefits of using CSS3 Flexbox and Grid Layout?
CSS3 Flexbox and Grid Layout are powerful layout systems that offer several benefits:
-
- Simplified layout code: Flexbox and Grid Layouts reduce the need for complex nested HTML structures and CSS hacks, making layout code more concise and maintainable.
- Responsive design: Flexbox and Grid Layouts make it easier to create responsive designs that adapt to different screen sizes and orientations.
- Alignment and spacing control: Flexbox provides precise control over alignment, spacing, and distribution of items within a container, while Grid Layout allows you to define both row and column-based layouts with ease.
- Reordering elements: Flexbox and Grid Layouts enable developers to easily reorder elements on the page without changing the HTML structure.
How does CSS3 help improve typography on the web?
CSS3 introduces several features for enhancing typography on the web, including:
-
- Custom Fonts: CSS3 allows you to use custom fonts in your web pages using the @font-face rule, enabling better typography and branding.
- Text Effects: CSS3 provides properties like text-shadow and text-overflow for adding visual effects and handling overflow text gracefully.
- Web Fonts: With CSS3, you can use web fonts from services like Google Fonts or Adobe Fonts, giving you access to a wide range of typefaces without relying on system fonts.
Can I use CSS3 features in all modern browsers?
Most modern web browsers support a wide range of CSS3 features, but support may vary depending on the specific feature and the browser version. It’s essential to check the compatibility of CSS3 features with different browsers using resources like Can I Use (caniuse.com) and consider using vendor prefixes or fallbacks for better cross-browser compatibility when necessary.
